{"id":240,"date":"2012-07-07T17:41:26","date_gmt":"2012-07-07T17:41:26","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.paulcoolbooks.com\/?p=240"},"modified":"2012-07-07T17:42:25","modified_gmt":"2012-07-07T17:42:25","slug":"a-reading-list-for-the-well-read-fbi-g-man-1936-or-so","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.paulcoolbooks.com\/?p=240","title":{"rendered":"A reading list for the well-read FBI G-man, 1936 (or so)"},"content":{"rendered":"

The early 20th century saw a rising tide of criticism against certain traditional methods used by police to catch killers and crooks, especially the too-easy reliance by unprofessional local law enforcers on unconstitutional and often barbaric third degree interrogations. In response, enlightened police administrators and policemen joined lawyers, scientists, and others in pushing for adoption of \u201cscientific policing,\u201d the contemporary term for what we now generically call CSI.
\nFBI histories and biographies of J. Edgar Hoover uniformly credit the Bureau\u2019s longtime Director with an early and sustained commitment to \u201cscientific policing.\u201d In 1924, he established a nationwide fingerprint clearinghouse (the Fingerprint Division) to assist state and local police catch criminals who ranged across jurisdictional lines. Eight years later, he authorized Charles A. Appel to set up the Bureau\u2019s first criminal forensics laboratory. While scientific expertise and the responsibility for making fingerprint and forensic determinations resided at FBI headquarters (the so-called \u201cSeat of Government\u201d), Hoover intended that his special agents in the field stay current with the latest advances in scientific policing. He assured this through appropriate new agent and refresher training courses. Beyond this, Hoover \u201cstrongly encouraged\u201d the Special Agents in Charge (SACs) of the various field offices to subscribe to a new forensics periodical, American Journal of Police Science. Articles discussing the FBI\u2019s own criminological efforts under the names of Hoover, other executives, and SACs appeared in various legal and other journals.
\nAlthough Hoover\u2019s commitment to scientific criminology was genuine, his public opposition to the third degree was on occasion more a matter of lip service. His policy appears to have been to avoid the third degree, except when its use appeared essential to solving a high priority crime, such as the Kansas City Massacre or the kidnapping of June Robles. In these instances, agents carried out illegal interrogations in circumstances likely to remain secret and deniable.
\nThe bibliography below includes a sample of articles and books available to FBI \u201cG-men\u201d in the mid-1930s on scientific policing and third degree topics, as well as articles published under FBI authorship and related publications intended for the general public.
\nBooks<\/strong><\/p>\n

Chafee Jr., Zachariah, Pollak, Walter H., and Stern, Carl S., The Third Degree<\/em>. New York: Arno Press & The New York Times, 1969 (reprint of National Commission on Law Observance and Enforcement, Report on Lawlessness in Law Enforcement, Washington, D.C., Government Printing Office, 1931).
\nCooke, T.G., Fingerprints \u2013 Secret Service Crime Detection<\/em>. Chicago: Fingerprint Publishing Association, 1930.
\nCooper, Courtney Riley, Ten Thousand Public Enemies: An Inside View of the Underworld<\/em>. Boston, Little, Brown, and Co., 1935.
\nCulver, Dorothy Campbell, comp., Bibliography of Crime and Criminal Justice, 1927-1931<\/em>. Berkeley, CA: University of California, 1934 (reprinted by Patterson Smith, 1969).
\n—–, Bibliography of Crime and Criminal Justice, 1932-37<\/em>. Berkeley, CA: University of California, 1939 (reprinted by Patterson Smith, 1969).
\nLavine, Emanuel H., The Third Degree: A Detailed and Appalling Expos\u00e9 of Police Brutality<\/em>. New York: Vanguard Press, 1930.
\nMay, Luke S., Crime\u2019s Nemesis<\/em>. Landisville PA: Coachwhip Publications, 2011 (first published 1936).
\nMillspaugh, Arthur C., Crime Control by the National Government<\/em>. New York: Da Capo Press, 1972 (reprint of 1937 Brookings Institution edition).
\nOsborn, Albert S., Questioned Documents, Second Edition<\/em>. Chicago: Nelson-Hall, 1929.
\nSullivan, Edward Dean, The Snatch Racket<\/em>. New York: Vanguard Press, 1932.
\nArticles (many of these are available at www.Heinonline.org)<\/strong>
\nK. A. Aickin, \u201cKidnapping at Common Law,\u201d 1 Res Judicatae 130 (1935-1936).
\nHerman C. Beyle and Spencer D. Parratt, \u201cMeasuring the Severity of the Third Degree,\u201d 24 Am. Inst. Crim L. & Criminology 485 (1933-1934).
\nHorace L. Bomar, Jr., \u201cThe Lindbergh Law,\u201d 1 Law & Contemp. Probs. 435 (1933-1934).
\nJames P. Burke, \u201cThe Argot of the Racketeers,\u201d The American Journal of Police Science (AJPS), Vol. 2, No. 5 (Sep. – Oct., 1931), pp. 419-427.
\nEdgar W. Camp, et al, \u201cReport of Committee on Lawless Enforcement of Law, American Journal of Police Science (AJPS), 1:6:575 (1930).
\nJoseph P. Chamberlain, \u201cCriminal Statutes for 1932,\u201d 19 A.B.A. Journal, 181-185 (1933).
\nJoseph P. Chamberlain, \u201cCriminal Statutes for 1933,\u201d 20 A.B.A. J., 219-220 (1934).
\nE.P. Coffey, \u201cThe Importance of Scientific Analysis of Evidence in the Prosecution of Crime,\u201d 11 Ind. L.J. 105 (1935-1936).
\nFBI, Uniform Crime Reports (annual).
\nHugh A. Fisher and Matthew F. McGuire, \u201cKidnapping and the So-called Lindbergh Law,\u201d 12 N.Y.U. L.Q. Review 646 (1934-1935).
\nJoseph L. Holmes, \u201cCrime and the Press,\u201d 20 Am. Inst. Crim. L. & Criminology 6 and 246 (1929-1930).
\nJ(ohn) Edgar Hoover, \u201cLocal Law Enforcement in Relation to National Crime, Address of J. Edgar Hoover\u2026 before the Sheriffs and Peace Officers Association of Oklahoma, at Tulsa, Oklahoma, January 13, 1936,\u201d 13 Dicta 141 (1935-1936).
\n—-, \u201cScientific Methods of Criminal Detection in the Judicial Process, 4 Geo. Wash. L. Rev. 1 1935-1936.
\n—-, \u201cSome Legal Aspects of Interstate Crime,\u201d 21 Minn. L. Rev. 229 (1936-1937).
\n—-, \u201cThe Work of the Division of Investigation, United States Department of Justice,\u201d Tenn. L. Rev., XII:3, 149-157 (April 1935).
\n—-, \u201cScience in Law Enforcement,\u201d 15 Neb. L. Bull. 219-226 (1936-1937).
\nFred E. Inbau, \u201cScientific Evidence in Criminal Cases: Part II: Methods of Detecting Deception,\u201d 24 Am. Inst. Crim. L. & Criminology, 1140-1158 (1933-1934).
\n—-, \u201cScientific Evidence in Criminal Cases: III: Finger-Prints and Palm Prints,\u201d 25 Am. Inst. Crim. L. & Criminology, 500-516 (1934-1935).
\n—–, \u201cTechnique in Tracing the Lindbergh Kidnaping Ladder,\u201d 27 Am. Inst. Crim. L. & Criminology, 712 (1936-1937).
\nEdwin R. Keedy, \u201cThe Third Degree and Legal Interrogation of Suspects,\u201d 85 U. Pa. L. Rev. 761 (1936-1937).
\nHarold Nathan, \u201cThe Ideal Law Enforcement Officer and the Ideal Law Enforcement Organization,\u201d Address given to the Pacific Coast Institute of Law and Administration of Justice, September, 1934, 14 Or. L. Rev., 327 (1934-1935).
\nAlbert S. Osborn, \u201cProgress in Proof of Handwriting Documents,\u201d 24 Am. Inst. L. & Criminology 118 (1933-1934).
\n—-, \u201cThe Layman Looks at the Law in Many Courts,\u201d 25 Am. Inst. L. & Criminology 428 (1934-1935).
\n—-, \u201cSuspected Document Diagnosis Hospital,\u201d 27 Am. Inst. L. & Criminology 442 (1936-1937).
\n\u201cPolice Science Notes: Federal Technical Laboratory,\u201d 25 Inst. Crim. L. & Criminology 171 (1934-1935).
\nH.H. Reinecke, \u201cWays in Which It Is Possible for the Federal Bureau of Investigation to Assist State Law Enforcement Officers,\u201d 11 Ind. LJ 41 (1935-1936).
\nJames Clark Sellers, \u201cThe Handwriting Evidence Against Hauptmann,\u201d Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology (1931-1951), Vol. 27, No. 6 (Mar. – Apr., 1937), pp. 874-886.
\n—-, \u201cScience and Advancements in the Examination of Questioned Documents,\u201d AJPS, Vol. 3, No. 2 (Mar. – Apr., 1932), pp. 110-123.
\nWill Shafroth, ed., \u201cSeek Facts on Criminal Law from the Bar,\u201d 20 A.B.A.J., 37-39 (1934)
\nWill Shafroth, ed., \u201cCriminal Law Enforcement in Our Cities, 20 A.B.A.J., 532-534 (1934)
\nJohn Barker Waite, \u201cReport on Lawlessness in Law Enforcement,\u201d 30 Mich. L. Rev. 54 1931-1932.
\nC. Ives Waldo Jr., \u201cRecent Criminal Cases,\u201d 26 Am Inst. Crim L. & Criminology 762 (1935-1936).
\nA.F. Wilco, \u201cAmerica\u2019s \u2018G-Men,\u2019\u201d 2 Metropolitan Police C.J. 51 ((1936).
\nLeon R. Yankwich, \u201cThe Lawless Enforcement of Law,\u201d 9 S. Cal L. Rev. 14 (1935-1936).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The early 20th century saw a rising tide of criticism against certain traditional methods used by police to catch killers and crooks, especially the too-easy reliance by unprofessional local law enforcers on unconstitutional and often barbaric third degree interrogations. In response, enlightened police administrators and policemen joined lawyers, scientists, and others in pushing for adoption […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7,8,1],"tags":[13,14],"class_list":["post-240","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-articles","category-robles","category-news","tag-scientific-policing","tag-third-degree"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.paulcoolbooks.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/240","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.paulcoolbooks.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.paulcoolbooks.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.paulcoolbooks.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.paulcoolbooks.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=240"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"http:\/\/www.paulcoolbooks.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/240\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":244,"href":"http:\/\/www.paulcoolbooks.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/240\/revisions\/244"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.paulcoolbooks.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=240"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.paulcoolbooks.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=240"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.paulcoolbooks.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=240"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}